This encyclopedic entry surveys the emergence, evolution, and variety of conservative and reactionary movements in Latin America. It situates them historically from the Cold War dictatorships through neoliberal reforms and the recent conservative backlash. Drawing on social movement theory, the entry proposes a typology that distinguishes counter‑movements (mobilized against progressive gains such as human rights, gender, and indigenous rights), uncivil movements (that deploy intimidation or violence against rights defenders), and radical neoliberal mobilizations (market‑oriented elites aimed at protecting employer and property rights). It analyzes their typical bases of support—right-wing political groups, business sectors, parts of the middle classes, conservative religious actors, and segments of the armed forces—and the organizational and discursive strategies they use, including appeals to order, morality, anti‑communism, and “security.” Finally, the article highlights how these movements both contest and operate within democratic institutions, shaping party systems, public policy, and the broader “right against rights” dynamic in contemporary Latin American politics.